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状语从句讲解

时间:2022-08-24 03:28:57 英语论文 我要投稿
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状语从句讲解

  状语从句大盘点
  
  作者/李 静
  
  状语从句一般可分为九大类,分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。要想掌握它关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词。现分别列举如下:
  
  【小结1】
  
  常见的时间状语从句的引导词有:when(当……的时候),whenever(每当),after(在……之后),before(在……之前),as(当……;一边……一边),as soon as/hardly…when/no sooner…than(一……就……),while(在……期间),till/until(直到),since(自从)等。
  
  1.He was reading newspapers as he was waiting for the bus.
  
  他一边等公共汽车,一边读报纸。
  
  2.He has taught English in this middle school since he graduated from college.
  
  自从大学毕业,他就在这所中学教书。
  
  3.I’ll give you a phone as soon as I come back.我一回来就给你打电话。
  
  注意:
  
  1.当since引导状语从句,主句往往用现在完成时态,如例2。
  
  2.如果主句是一般将来时态,从句用一般现在时态,如例3。
  
  【小结2】常见的条件状语从句的引导词有:
  
  1.由if,unless引导,if意为“如果”,unless意为“除非,如果不”(if not)。
  
  You will be late unless you leave immediately.除非你立即走,否则,你会迟到。
  
  If you don’t hurry up,you’ll be late.如果你不快点,你就会晚了。
  
  2.由suppose,supposing,as/so long as,providing,provided,on condition that和in case等引导。这类连词(词组)意思相近,有“如果、假设、即使、在……条件下”等意义。
  
  Suppose (Supposing) he is ill,what shall we do?如果他病了,我们该怎么办?
  
  You’ll succeed,as long as you follow his advice.只要你听从他的劝告,你就会成功的。
  
  注意:
  
  在条件状语从句中,当主句和从句动作都表示将来时,主句用将来时态,从句用一般现在时态。
  
  【小结3】常见的原因状语从句的引导词有:because(因为),since(既然),as(由于),now that(既然,因为)等连词引导:
  
  1.because
  
  表示直接的原因或理由,表示原因的语气最强,常表示必然的因果关系。回答以why引起的特殊疑问句,只能用because。
  
  Jane wore a raincoat because it was raining.因为天下雨,所以简穿着雨衣。
  
  He is absent today because he is ill.他今天缺课,因为他病了。
  
  2.since
  
  表示对方已经知晓、无须加以说明的原因或事实,语气比because稍弱。
  
  I’ll do it for you since you are busy.既然你忙,我来替你做吧。
  
  Since you insist,I’ll go.既然你坚持,那我就去。
  
  3.as
  
  表示的往往是十分明显的原因,听者或读者已经知道或能看得出来,语气较弱,只附带说明,比较口语化。
  
  We had better hurry as it’s getting dark.因为天快要黑了,我们最好快点。
  
  As it is raining,I’ll not go out.因为正在下雨,我就不出去了。
  
  4.for
  
  for是并列连词,它引导的分句不表示直接的原因,而是用来附带解释或说明前面一句的情况。for引导的分句常位于第一分句之后,它们之间用逗号隔开。
  
  It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet this morning.昨晚准是下雨了,今天早上地面还是湿的。
  
  The day breaks,for the birds are singing.小鸟在歌唱,一定是天亮了。
  
  5.now that
  
  意为“既然”,与since同义,但更突出事实本身。
  
  Now that you’ve got a chance,you might as well make full use of it.
  
  既然你有了机会,你要充分利用它。
  
  Now that everyone is here,let’s begin our meeting.既然大家都来了,我们就开始开会吧。
  
  【小结4】常见的地点状语从句的引导词有:(www.fwsir.Com)where(在……地方; 那里),wherever(无论哪里)引导。
  
  You should make it a rule to leave things where you can find them again.
  
  你应当养成惯例,将东西放在你能找到的地方。
  
  Sit wherever you like.请随便坐。
  
  Wherever you go,you must remember you are a Chinese.无论走到哪里,都要记住自己是中国人。
  
  【小结5】常见的让步状语从句的引导词有:though,although,as,even if (though),however,whatever,whoever,whenever,no matter +wh词等。
  
  1.even if,even though,although,though引导的让步状语从句
  
  这四个词(词组)都有“虽然、即使、尽管”的意思。even if和even though带有较强的意味,语气比although和though强。though不如although正式,都不能和but连用,但可以和yet,still或nevertheless连用。
  
  Although he is considered a great writer,his works are not widely read.
  
  虽然有人认为他是一个大作家,但是他的作品读得并不广泛。
  
  We won’t give up even if we should fail ten times.即使失败十次,我们也不会放弃。
  
  2.as或though引导让步状语从句
  
  形容词+as/though+主语+动词
  
  副词+as/though+主语+谓语
  
  动词+as/though+主语+情态动词/助动词
  
  名词+as/though+主语+动词
  
  1)由as或though引导让步状语从句往往会前置表语、谓语动词原形及修饰动词的副词
  
  Much as I admire his courage,I don’t think he acted wisely.
  
  我虽然佩服他的勇气,但是我认为他这样做是不明智的。
  
  Young man as he is,he has made great achievements in the field of IT.
  
  尽管他很年轻,却在IT领域取得很大成就。
  
  Try as I might,I couldn’t lift the stone.我使多大劲儿也搬不动这块石头。
  
  2)如果表语为单数可数名词,这个名词不带冠词
  
  Child as he is,he knows a lot.虽然他还是个孩子,却懂的很多。
  
  3.由no matter+wh词和由疑问词+ever引导让步状语从句
  
  由no matter引导,表示“不管,无论”;由疑问词+ever引导,表示“不管,不论”。这类词有:whatever,whichever,whoever,however,whenever,wherever等,它们相当于no matter+ what(which,who,how,when,where),都不能与but,so,and等并列连词同时使用。
  
  We’ll have to finish the job,however(no matter how) long it takes.不管需要多长时间,我们都一定要完成这项工作。
  
  No matter what(Whatever) you do,don’t tell him that I told you this.无论你做什么,别告诉他我对你说过这件事。
  
  No matter where (Wherever) you go,I would keep you company.不管你到哪去,我都会陪着你。
  
  4.由whether…or引导让步状语从句
  
  由whether…or引导让步状语从句表示“不论……还是”,提供两种对比的情况。
  
  I shall go,whether you come with me or stay at home.
  
  不论你和我一起来还是留在家中,我都要前往。
  
  【小结6】方式状语从句一般由as(正如;按照),as if/as though(好像)等引导。
  
  When in Rome,do as the Romans do.入乡随俗。
  
  You must do everything as I do.你们要照我这样去做。
  
  注意:As if/as though 引导方式状语从句时,从句的语气如果符合真实情况,则用陈述语气,如果与真实情况不符,则用虚拟语气,从句谓语时态在原来的基础上退后一步。例如:
  
  He walked slowly as if he had hurt his leg.他走得很慢,好像腿受了伤。
  
  She speaks English as if she were a native speaker.她讲英语俨然像专家。
  
  【小结7】常见的结果状语从句的引导词有:so…that,such…that,so that…等。例如:
  
  He worked hard so that he passed the exam.他学习很努力,结果通过了考试。
  
  The film was so wonderful that we wanted to see it again.电影很精彩使我们还想看一次。
  
  He spoke for such a long time that people began to fall asleep.
  
  他讲了那么长时间,人们开始打起瞌睡了。
  
  注意:so…that与such…that的区别
  
  这两种结构都可引导结果状语从句。so是副词,后接形容词或副词;such是形容词,后接名词。
  
  (1)单数名词
  
  在so…that与such…that中间出现的是单数名词,且该名词前有形容词修饰时,这两种结构可互换,但要注意它们的词序不同:such+a/an+形容词十名词=so+形容词+a/an+名词。
  
  She is such a good teacher that all of us love her.=She is so good a teacher that all of us love her。
  
  她是一位很好的老师,我们都敬爱她。
  
  (2)不可数名词或复数可数名词
  
  如果被修饰的是不可数名词或复数可数名词时,一般须用such…that。但如果不可数名词或复数可数名词前有many,much,little,few修饰时,则用so…that。
  
  He made such rapid progress that before long he began to write articles in English.
  
  他进步很快,不久就开始用英语写文章。
  
  They are such interesting books that we all want to read them.
  
  这些书是那么有趣使我们都想读一读。
  
  I’ve had so many falls that I’m black and blue all over.我摔了好多次跤,全身青一块紫一块的。
  
  George had so little money that he had to get a job.乔治没有钱,所以他不得不找工作干。
  
  【小结8】常见的目的状语从句的引导词有:so that…,in order that…等。从句中的谓语动词前常有情态动词may,might,can,could,will,would等。
  
  John shut everybody out of the kitchen so that he could prepare his grand surprise for the party.
  
  约翰把其他人关在厨房外,目的是能够为晚会烹饪出人意料的东西。
  
  These men risk their lives in order that we may live more safely.
  
  这些人甘冒生命危险,是为了让我们活得更安全些。
  
  Drive carefully so that everyone can enjoy a long life.开车小心点,让大家多活几年。
  
  注意:
  
  in order that引导的状语从句可以放在句首与句尾,而so that 引导的只能放在句尾。
  
  【小结9】比较状语从句一般由as…as(和……一样),not as/so…as(与……不一样),than(比)引导。
  
  The director gave me a better offer than he gave Dick.导师给我的提议比给狄克的好。
  
  John plays football as well as,if not better than,David.
  
  如果说约翰的足球踢得不比大卫好,至少和他踢得一样好。
  
  I can’t run as/so fast as he can.我不能跑得他那样快。

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