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英语条件从句的几种特殊表达法

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英语条件从句的几种特殊表达法

    （宁县早胜中学李俊义）
    虚拟语气是高中英语教学中的一个重点，又是一个难点。在虚拟语气的句子中，条件从句的表示方法较多，通常用if来引导，如If Iwere you,I would study much harder，在有些情况下，条件从句也可用其他方法来表示。下面谈几种条件从句的特殊表达法。
    一、混合虚拟条件句
    如果条件从句的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生，主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别根据各自所表示的时间加以调整。这种句子叫做混合虚拟条件句。如：
    If he had followed my advice,he would be quite all rightnow.（从句述说过去，主句述说现在）
    If China had not been liberated,the working people wouldstill be leading a miserable life.（从句表示与过去的事实相反，主句说明与现在的事实相反）
    二、省略if的倒装条件句
    如果条件从句的谓语动词包含有were或助动词、情态动词had,should,could，有时可将连词if省去，而将条件从句的主语置于were,had,should,could之后。这种用法主要用于书面语，如：
    Were I(=If I were)in your place,I wouldn't give it up soearly.
    Had I(=if I had)known,I might have joined you in thediscussion.
    Should you(=If you should)be interested,I have a book onthe subject you might like.
    三、省略主句，只保留if(only)的条件句
    虚拟条件句中的表示结果的主句有时形式上可以省略，但意义仍然存在。这种句子只保留一个if(only)条件从句，表达说话人的强烈愿望。如：If(only)she were my sister！她是我的妹妹就好了！
    四、含蓄虚拟条件句
    有时虚拟条件句不用条件从句，而是通过上下文或用介词短语等表示出来。这种句子叫做含蓄虚拟条件句。下面列举几种。
    1.在主语词组中表示含蓄条件
    (1)主语是动词不定式短语，表示含蓄条件。
    It would be good to leave the matter in his charge.如果把这件事让他负责就好了。
    该句可改写成：It would be good if we could leave thematter in his charge.
    (2)主语是动名词短语表示含蓄条件。
    Doing the work in that way would have cost much more timeand money.如果用那种方法做这项工作就会耗费更多的时间和金钱。
    该句可改写为：If we had done the work in that way,it wouldhave cost much more time and money .
    (3)主语中带有定语从句表示含蓄条件。
    A man who is always thinking of others would not have donesuch a thing.如果一个人总为别人着想，他就不会做出这种事情来。
    (4)主语中含有作定语的分词或形容词表示含蓄条件。
    Anyone being his position would have made no reply.任何人处在他那个位置，都不会回答的。
    该句可改写为：If anyone had been in his position he wouldhave made no reply.
    A less complicated problem would have easily been solved.如果问题不是很复杂的话，那么就很容易 解决了。
    该句可改写为：If the problem had been less complicated,it would have easily been solved.
    2.用介词短语表示含蓄条件
    We could have done better under more favourableconditions.
    如果在更好的条件下，我们会干得更好。
    此句可改写为：If the conditions had been more favourable, we could have done better.
    This change could not have taken place without a solid industrial foundation.
    如果没有坚定的工业基础，发生这样的变化是不可能的。
    此句可改写为：If it had been without a solid industrial foundation,this ch

英语条件从句的几种特殊表达法

ange could not hav e taken place.

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