- 相关推荐
从2012年高考题扫描“that”核心用法
从2012年高考题扫描“that”核心用法作者/杨 云 邵勤琴
试题回放：
①（2012年江西卷）It suddenly occurred to him ______ he had left his keys in the offices.
A.whether B.where C.which D.that
②（2012年北京卷）Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt ______ he could have expressed it differently.
A.why B.how C.that D.whether
“that”在高考中出现的频率较高，其意思较为丰富，词性较为灵活，常见的有四种词性，其在句子中的位置和所起的作用较为重要，同学们如果不能熟练掌握其用法，很可能会形成英语学习的一种障碍，从而影响高考答题，现将that的用法总结归纳如下：
一、用作形容词
此时，that用来指已被提到的人或物；也可表对比，指两个中较远的那个。
Could you give me that book you borrowed from the library last month？（后接复数名词时用those）。
有时，that在句子中带有感情色彩，“像那样的”，表示喜欢、轻蔑或强调等。例如：
That little boy！His father is my best friend.那个小家伙，他父亲是我最好的朋友。
That George！乔治那家伙！（表达自己的不满情绪）
二、用作代词
1.that 用作指示代词，相当于形容词的用法，这样可以避免重复，代上文同名异物名词，一般是替代上文出现的不可数名词或指可数名词单数，也可指说话者刚刚提到的那件事：
The price of rice is higher than that of flour.米的价格比面粉的价格高。
That is what he told me.那就是他告诉我的。
例1 （2011年安徽卷）If you often get stuck in reading，______ suggests you need to enlarge your vocabulary.
A.which B.where C.that D.when
解析 此题中that是指示代词，指代“那件事”。
2.that 用作关系代词，引导限制性定语从句。先行词可人可物，用法相当于who或which。
关系代词that在定语从句中可充当主语、宾语或表语，充当宾语时可以省略。
Is there anything that I can do for you？
你还有要我帮忙的事吗？
注意：在下列情况下只用that不用which来连接定语从句。
（1）先行词是all，everything，nothing，anything，little，much，the one等不定代词时。
There is nothing（that） I can do.
（2）先行词被all，any，every，no，some，little，much等不定代词或数词修饰时。
You may take home any of these books that you like.
（3）先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the first composition （that）he has written in English.
（4）先行词被the only，the very，just the（正是，恰是），the same，the last修饰时。
The white flower is the only one （that） I really like.
（5）当先行词有两个或两个以上时，既有人又有物，定语从句用that引导（that既可指人也可指物）。
The experts talked about the teachers and schools that they had visited days before.
注意the same…that…和the same…as…的区别：
I have bought the same watch as you have.
我买了一块和你一样的手表。（我的手表和你的手表很像，但不是同一块。）
This is the same watch that I lost.
这就是我丢的那块手表。(英语教学论文 www.fwsir.com)（这手表和我丢的手表是同一块。）
例2 （2010年全国卷）I refuse to accept the blame for something ______ was someone else’s fault.
A.who B.that C.as D.what
例3 （2011年山东卷）The old town has narrow streets and small houses ______ are built close to each other.
A.they B.where C.what D.that
解析 以上两题皆为对that作关系代词引导定语从句的考查。
三、用作连词
1.在名词性从句中
连词 that可引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。引导宾语从句时可以省略，引导其余从句时一般不省略。例如：
That the earth goes around the sun is known to everyone.
（1）主语从句
That he was late for school made his teacher very angry.他迟到了，使得老师很生气。
由于主语从句位于句首，句子常显得笨重，因此常把它移至句子的后部，句首用it 充当形式主语。例如：
It occurred to me that you can get in touch with me by E-mail.
例4 （2010年陕西卷）It never occurred to me ______ you could succeeded in persuading him to change his mind.
A.which B.what C.that D.if
解析 that在此引导主语从句，而it是形式主语。
（2）表语从句
The problem was that we couldn’t find a suitable time.问题是我们不能找到一个合适的时间。
例5 （2010年上海卷）One reason for her preference for city life is ______ she can have easily access to places like shops and restaurants.
A.that B.how C.what D.why
解析 此题引导表语从句，不能省略，尽管没有具体意思。
（3）宾语从句
及物动词后的引导词that可省略。
He made it clear that he really is a student.他已说明他确实是一个学生。
注意：当一个及物动词后接两个宾语从句时，第二个宾语从句的引导词that一定不能省略！
He didn’t think he was guilty and that he should be punished for it.
另外，某些作表语的形容词，如 sure，happy，glad，certain 等之后也可以接that从句，它相当于宾语从句。例如：
I’m concerned that he can’t pass the exam this time.我有点担心他这次不能通过考试。
（4）同位语从句
常跟同位语从句的名词有：idea，news，fact，promise，answer，belief，condition，doubt，fear，hope，problem，proof，question，reply，report，suggestion，thought，truth，advice，order等。
News/Word came that our team had won.有消息说我们队赢了。
引导同位语从句的that和引导定语从句的that是不同的。前者只起语法作用，在从句中不作任何成分；而后者在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。例如：
The news that he resigned from office surprised us.
That引导从句来解释news的内容，不作成分，但不能省略。
The news that he told me proved to be true！
that引导从句用来修饰news，在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略。
My father made a promise that if I got full marks in the final exam，I would get a valuable present.我父亲许下一个诺言，那就是，如果我期末考试得了满分，我就会得到一个珍贵的礼物。
例6 （2011年天津卷）Modern science has given clear evidence ______ smoking can lead to many diseases.
A.that B.which C.who D.whom
例7 （2011年上海卷）A story goes ______ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.
A.when B.where C.what D.that?摇
解析 以上两题皆考查that作为连词引导同位语从句的用法，尽管没有具体意思，但不可省略。
2.在状语从句中
（1）用在目的或结果状语从句中
在目的状语从句中：so that（从句中用情态动词can/could，may/might等），in order that，for fear that.
He hid himself under the table for fear that his father might find him.
在结果状语从句中：常用 so/such…that…或so that（从句中不用情态动词）来引导。如：
Today he got up late so that he caught the first bus.
（2）用在原因状语从句中
now that（既然……），in that（就在于……）
Now that they have taken matters into their hands，the pace of events has quickened.
（3）在条件状语从句中：
常用 on condition that，suppose/supposing （that），provided/providing （that）来引导。例如：
I will go，provided/providing that you go too.
3.在强调句中
在强调句型中：It be+被强调部分+that+主语+剩余部分
It is Mrs.White that makes the decision in her family.
例8 （2011年福建卷）It was at April 29，2001 ______ Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.
A.that B.when C.since D.before
例9 （2011年福建卷） It was with great joy ______ he received the news that his lost daughter had been found.
A.because B.which C.since D.that
解析 以上两题皆考查that在强调句型中的用法，若把that去掉，则剩下的句子组成成分完整。
4.在虚拟语气中
（1）It’s（high/about） time（that） sb. should do/did sth.正是某人做某事的时候。
It’s high time that you went.
It’s high time that you should go.
（2）Wish 引导宾语从句。
①I wish that I were a bird.（现在）
②I wish that I had followed the teacher’s advice yesterday.（过去）
我昨天要是听了老师的建议就好了。
③We wish that our parents wouldn’t punish us！（将来）父母要是不惩罚我们就好了！
（3）与命令、建议有关的名词性从句中
常见动词：一个“坚持”insist，两个“命令”order，command，三个“建议”advise，suggest，propose，四个“要求”request，require，demand，desire所带的宾语从句中，后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的谓语动词使用should+动词原形，也可以将should省略。与他们有关的其他名词性从句也要使用虚拟语气，从句中的动词形式一样。（如用在It is suggested/insisted/requested/required/demanded/ordered that…等）
It is suggested that we should pay attention to the importance of keeping healthy.
同时It’s necessary/strange/natural/important+that从句中，从句中的谓语动词也要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。
It is important that we（should） master a foreign language.
（4）but that，“要不是，要没有”
But that he helped us（But for his help），we would have already failed.要不是他帮忙，我们估计已经失败了。
四、用作副词
1.用作普通副词。相当于“so”，往往表示较贬义的态度，常译为“过于、太”等。
Now I can’t afford that expensive a computer，我现在买不起如此贵的电脑。
例10 （2011年广东卷）Sometimes it was a bit boring to work there because there wasn’t always ______ much to do.
A.such B.that C.more D.very
解析 此题that=so，作为副词修饰形容词much。
2.that间或作关系副词。引导定语从句，可以代替when，where， why或in which，常可省略。
I can’t deal with it the way（that） he treated his son.
五、在固定结构中
1.see（to it） that，意为“见证、务必做到、保证”。
We will see to it that she gets home early.
2.seeing/considering that，意为“鉴于、由于”。
Seeing that he was busy with his work，I didn’t disturb him.
3.except that，除了。
I know nothing about him except that he comes from the USA.
以上是that主要用法的概述，希望能对大家有所帮助。当然，that还有其他的一些用法，需要我们在学习的过程中不断地积累和总结。
【从高考题扫描“that”核心用法】相关文章：
从高考中的“—ever”用法谈起08-08
高考透视，疑难扫描08-08
校长的自我考题08-13
考题优秀作文03-06
名企考题专辑：知名企业考题汇编08-15
以考题为话题的作文08-18
研究考题找策略08-15
微软的考题（数学篇）08-15